Ubuntu Modules

对话框

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本章主要介绍了在 Ubuntu 系统下如何利用模块 whiptail 实现对话框进行人机交互。

本节纲要

• 消息框
• 是或否
• 信息框
• 输入框
• 密码框
• 文本框
• 菜单栏
• 多选列表
• 单选列表
• 进度条
• 可选参数

---

消息框

语法

whiptail –-msgbox \<text> \<height> \<width>

实例

whiptail --title "Example Dialog" --msgbox "This is an example of a message box. You must hit OK to continue." 8 78

是或否

语法

whiptail --yesno  <text> <height> <width>

实例

# If you cannot understand this, read Bash_Shell_Scripting#if_statements again.
if (whiptail --title "Example Dialog" --yesno "This is an example of a yes/no box." 8 78) then
    echo "User selected Yes, exit status was $?."
else
    echo "User selected No, exit status was $?."
fi

信息框

语法

whiptail --infobox <text> <height> <width>

实例

whiptail --title "Example Dialog" --infobox "This is an example of an info box." 8 78

输入框

语法

whiptail --inputbox <text> <height> <width> [init] 

实例

COLOR=$(whiptail --inputbox "What is your favorite Color?" 8 78 Blue --title "Example Dialog" 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

# A trick to swap stdout and stderr.
# Again, you can pack this inside if, but it seems really long for some 80-col terminal users.
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
    echo "User selected Ok and entered " $COLOR
else
    echo "User selected Cancel."
fi

echo "(Exit status was $exitstatus)"

密码框

语法

whiptail --passwordbox <text> <height> <width> [init]

实例

PASSWORD=$(whiptail --passwordbox "please enter your secret password" 8 78 --title "password dialog" 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3)

# A trick to swap stdout and stderr.
# Again, you can pack this inside if, but it seems really long for some 80-col terminal users.
exitstatus=$?
if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then
    echo "User selected Ok and entered " $PASSWORD
else
    echo "User selected Cancel."
fi

echo "(Exit status was $exitstatus)"

文本框

语法

whiptail --textbox <file> <height> <width>

实例

echo "Welcome to Bash $BASH_VERSION" > test_textbox
# filename height width
whiptail --textbox test_textbox 12 90

菜单栏

语法

whiptail --menu <text> <height> <width> <listheight> [tag item] ...
[ ] . . .

实例

whiptail --title "Menu example" --menu "Choose an option" 25 78 16 \
"<-- Back" "Return to the main menu." \
"Add User" "Add a user to the system." \
"Modify User" "Modify an existing user." \
"List Users" "List all users on the system." \
"Add Group" "Add a user group to the system." \
"Modify Group" "Modify a group and its list of members." \
"List Groups" "List all groups on the system."

多选列表

语法

whiptail --checklist <text> <height> <width> <listheight> [tag item status]...

实例

whiptail --title "Check list example" --checklist \
"Choose user's permissions" 20 78 4 \
"NET_OUTBOUND" "Allow connections to other hosts" ON \
"NET_INBOUND" "Allow connections from other hosts" OFF \
"LOCAL_MOUNT" "Allow mounting of local devices" OFF \
"REMOTE_MOUNT" "Allow mounting of remote devices" OFF

单选列表

语法

whiptail --radiolist <text> <height> <width> <listheight> [tag item status]...

实例

whiptail --title "Radio list example" --radiolist \
"Choose user's permissions" 20 78 4 \
"NET_OUTBOUND" "Allow connections to other hosts" ON \
"NET_INBOUND" "Allow connections from other hosts" OFF \
"LOCAL_MOUNT" "Allow mounting of local devices" OFF \
"REMOTE_MOUNT" "Allow mounting of remote devices" OFF

进度条

语法

whiptail --gauge <text> <height> <width> <percent>

实例

{
    for ((i = 0 ; i <= 100 ; i+=5)); do
        sleep 0.1
        echo $i
    done
} | whiptail --gauge "Please wait while we are sleeping..." 6 50 0

可选参数

Parameter	Description
--clear	clear screen on exit
--defaultno	default no button
--default-item <string>	set default string
--fb, --fullbuttons	use full buttons
--nocancel	no cancel button
--yes-button <text>	set text of yes button
--no-button <text>	set text of no button
--ok-button <text>	set text of ok button
--cancel-button <text>	set text of cancel button
--noitem	don’t display items
--notags	don’t display tags
--separate-output	output one line at a time
--output-fd <fd>	output to fd, not stdout
--title <title>	display title
--backtitle <backtitle>	display backtitle
--scrolltext	force vertical scrollbars
--topleft	put window in top-left corner
-h, --help	print this message
-v, --version	print version information